People with spinal cord injury face many challenging secondary health complications that diminish quality of life and capacity for independence.

Secondary health implications may include:

• Loss of bladder and bowel control
• Blood pressure fluctuations
• Recurrent bronchitis and pneumonia
• Obstructive sleep apnoea
• Recurrent urinary tract infections
• Reduced sexual function
• Severe osteoporosis
• Muscle spasticity
• Pressure sores
• Inability to regulate body temperature
• Nerve sensitivity and neuropathic pain
• Diminished mental health

Social marginalisation may include:

• Inaccessible public spaces, housing and workplaces
• Social and cultural barriers which limit opportunities for community participation on an equal basis with other citizens

Following this advice may help reduce your risk of a spinal cord injury:

• Drive safely. Always wear seat belts and ensure children use appropriate restraints. Remember, children under 12 should ride in the back to avoid airbag risks.
• Never dive unless certain of water depth — at least 12 feet/3.7 meters for pools. Avoid diving into above-ground pools or unknown depths.
• Prevent falls. Use step stools with grab bars, add stair handrails, use non-slip mats, and install safety gates and window guards for young kids.
• Play sports safely. Wear proper safety gear and don’t lead with your head.
• Never drink and drive, and avoid riding with intoxicated drivers.

Mayo Clinic, 2 Oct 2021

If you suspect that someone has a back or neck injury:

• Don’t move the injured person — permanent paralysis and other serious complications can result
• Call 000 or your local emergency medical assistance number
• Keep the person still
• Place heavy towels on both sides of the neck or hold the head and neck to prevent them from moving until emergency care arrives
• Provide basic first aid, such as stopping bleeding and making the person comfortable, without moving the head or neck

Mayo Clinic, 2 Oct 2021